Smash (including broken and grinding) is a contemporary rapid economic and social development of the industrial sector an essential. In a variety of metals, non-metallic, chemical raw materials and mineral processing of building materials, operations to smash the huge consumption of energy, and is also inefficient operations. Smash the course materials, as a voice in the operations, fever, vibration, and friction, role and consume a lot of energy. Hence the sector over the years has been studying how to achieve energy-saving and efficient completion of fragmentation and grinding processes. From theoretical research to innovative equipment (including some of the old equipment) until the change in the production process.

At present fragmentation theory, technology and equipment study focused primarily on:

(1) study the fragmentation of energy-saving and efficient theory, but also to identify new theoretical breakthroughs have already broken the three known theory

(2) new non-mechanical study The field of high-energy or joint role of the broken equipment, have not yet seen the industrialization of equipment, but the study stage

(3) the improvement of existing equipment, which often is based on user needs, and not on the market the scale of production or the development of new equipment.

For all the above issues, as foreign mines since the 1980s has been the slow development made little progress in this regard. New equipment, less foreign and domestic investment due to the state-owned large-scale mining is very small, there is no development, and small and medium-sized mines because of the demand for raw materials from all over the past few years will be the development.

A broken Theory

Broken materials is a long history of the topic.

Early in the 20th century, the 1950s, Ellis - check Ermoshi companies began large-scale studies broken, the 1960s is of great significance to draw conclusions. With the in-depth research, people familiar with the high-powered crushing operations

[1], can be used to improve energy efficiency and reduce production costs. B. H. Bergstrom in the single-particle breakage study found, in the air and a broken metal plate debris impact clearly secondary crusher, a broken with the kinetic energy of the debris crushing the total energy of 45%. Such as to make full use of secondary energy broken, they would increase the efficiency of fragmentation. It was also noted that the sustained load smaller than a short period of hope that the more powerful blows of broken material. Hu Jingyan Queensland and China's Xu Xiao-he particles smash at the research concluded that pressure to crush efficiency was 100%, single impact efficiency of 35% to about 40%. To conserve energy, improve efficiency smash, smash should be more pressure to use fewer impact smash. Schonert study shows that if a large number of particles of brittle materials by more than 50 MPa pressure can be from "bed to smash the" a substantial energy savings. At present, "expected to smash the theory of" smash sector has been recognized under the bed of crushed new equipment developed by the United States company's spin-Nordberg cone crusher, Russia's inertia cone crushers, etc.

[2].
More crushing mill less guided by the principle of the development expected to smash the principle of a new type of crusher is the main direction. 1996 Fourth National Conference on academic works powder DENG Yue Hung, Mr Cheung Rail issued a "material smash fractal behavior of" a

 [3], the authors suggest that the theoretical study of broken deserves entered into three major aspects : strength theory study, Evaluation of the effect of broken, and broken power research. For a long time, the theoretical study of the major smash stay in the application of experience and statistical speculation, people understand the law is not clear smash, not systems. People expect the emergence of a new theory on the field will bring a crushing change.
1982 B. Mandelrot fractal theory put forward in the application of rock theoretical research, and the author of the broken it theoretically. After the study, the authors successfully used the fractal theory derived strength and shortcomings of the relationship between the fractal dimension, and the establishment of a smash particle size distribution model, found a fractal dimension, with the index breaking probability distribution of the relationship between the use particle surface fractal three Ds will be unified theory of power.

In order to optimize the jaw crusher, Ma Jian and less use of laboratory Chenbingchen small compound pendulum jaw crusher, respectively, to single-particle material, narrow particle feed grain and mixed-feeding broken trial [4] The results of the study are:

(1) Impact of the jaw crusher size of the factors in addition to their own material hardness, and also expected to include particle size, composition, size and discharge mouth cavity broken loose materials state ;

(2) In broken jaw broken machine materials, whether it is broken or single-layer material particle breakage, increased feed particle size, particle size smaller product. Therefore, in accordance with production expected to choose suitable particle size specifications jaw crusher and ore regulation nesting population size,

(3) material layer broken more than single-particle breakage reduce fragmentation of granularity. So should try its best to maintain the production of the crusher for crushing the cavity of layers to reduce the fragmentation of granularity.

2 broken machinery

2.1 jaw crusher
The 1840s, the North American gold mining boom of the jaw crusher will greatly promote the development of the role. The mid-19th century, various types of jaw crusher was developed and widely used. At the end of last century, the world has been more than 70 kinds of different structures jaw crusher made franchise.
1858 Zhili. Blake (El.Blake) patent, manufacturing Shuangzhou board jaw crusher (Figure 1), now the most common jaw crusher is Blake's jaw crusher and more modern manufacturing single-toggle plate jaw Crusher (Figure 2). Jaw Crusher is one of the biggest weaknesses of their work in a cycle, only half the time to work.

Figure 1 Blake jaw crusher

Figure 2-elbow jaw crusher

Since the 1980s, China's jaw crusher Development and Improvement has achieved positive results. My broken experts such as Professor Hong-Xun Wang and his master's degree students Dingpeihong cited the "dynamic rodents angle" concept, the development of deep cavity GXPE series jaw crusher, was caused in a certain sensation. The aircraft with the same kinds of specifications crusher compared to the same working conditions, the handling capacity can be increased by 20% ~ 25%, teeth-life can be increased by 1 ~ 2 times. The aircraft is flying using negative support, with dual-cavity surface.

Second-generation GXPE250 × 400 negative in the first generation of support on the basis of a comprehensive improvement, increased fragmentation ratio, reduced product size, the largest feed particle size of 2.2 mm, 5-hour production of 16 t, nesting population adjustments the range of 10 ~ 40 mm, to less than 300 MPa compressive strength material.

PEY4060 hydraulic insurance jaw crusher to fluid overload protection device for the cylinder, is the support, is hoisted, the deep crushing chamber. The aircraft's largest feed particle size 340 mm, nesting adjustment in the 30 ~ 100 mm between the production capacity of 10 to 40 t / h.

Beijing Mining and Metallurgical Research Institute, who Lin Yun-Ling and more Shanghai - Watson Machinery Co., Ltd. to develop the PED low detachable jaw crusher. The aircraft is suitable for underground work under the conditions of special new jaw crusher. Mechanical low height, low fixed jaw position, moving at a fixed jaw jaw and eccentric axis.
Multi-Ling - Watson Machinery Co., Ltd. Rongji, the senior engineer for years practical experience, the current design of the nation's largest 1200 × 1500 compound pendulum jaw crusher.

2.2 new jaw crusher
The working principle is: materials from falling into the machine into the hopper, the material will be isolated to scattered around the material. The triangle belt driven motor eccentric shaft, upper and lower jaw to move crushing campaign materials, up to a certain size and entered the rotary chamber. Rotary materials in the cavity by the rotor and fixed the broken jaw grinding, crushing the material from the hopper discharge. The aircraft modified by elastic pads and adjustable bolt out of material size. Feeding using circumference, compared to the expected range of jaw broken, but not fast blanking plug. With the same specifications compared to the jaw-breaking, its production capacity, small size products, than the broken, the aircraft has formally production [5].

2.3 Jaw Crusher
Will be energy-efficient E-crushing machine and roll crusher organic combination of production of the jaw Crusher [6], shown in Figure 4. The device using single-motor or CHAI (steam) oil-drive. If the components on the trailer was dragging traction, it will become a mobile Jaw Crusher (Figure 5). Jaw Crusher is the working principle: motor or CHAI (steam) on the lower part of the oil-driven initiative Roll Crusher Department, the Department of the bridge initiative roller gear driven passive roll of the reverse operation. At the same time, the other end of the initiative roll tape drive led by the upper jaw crusher work. By adjusting the roll crusher security adjusting device, adjust the gap between the two rolls to receive the final requirements of the size. PEG1 50 × 250 × 400 and PEG250 × 400 × 600 Jaw Crusher specifications and technical performance as shown in table 1. Jaw Crusher have broken ratio (i = 15 ~ 16), high efficiency and energy saving, small size, light weight, driving mode diverse and mobile and flexible and can be complete machine can also be used separately characteristics. Particularly suitable for small and medium-sized mines and the mountains area of the broken material construction sites, but also can be used as "mobile elections Works" is broken matching system.

The transmission angle of the jaw 2.4 Crusher
The transmission angle of a jaw Crusher overcome compound pendulum jaw Crusher the wake of mine, and the body, such as the spindle bearing capacity shortcomings, it has the following advantages: smaller eccentricity can be greater level trip, thus reducing energy consumption, moving to the jaw and I expected the same direction (Figure 6), which roll from the compound pendulum jaw crusher the wake of ore. Fixed plate placed elbow to the jaw I expected the rear to reduce the high degree of machines, suitable for underground mobile crusher, [7].

Shanghai Institute of Building Materials Industry "fixed volume" principle, derived from a unique view of the amendment Gaussian curve equation, using the equations to design a new generation of PEX-150 × 750-A chronology jaw crusher, the equipment broken Cavity "line - the roller line - that Gaussian curve" of highly-crushing chamber, as shown in Figure 7. The aircraft with similar products, compared to the smooth functioning of broken than large, high yield (about 20 per cent increase), noise, and low operating costs. The product has received national patents, mainly for the cement, mineral processing, metallurgy, ceramics, chemical and other industries of the pre-crushing mill (chronology) [8].

2.5 pairs moving jaw crusher [9]
Gold Institute and the Shenyang in Liaoning Hongtoushan Machinery Plant jointly developed by the SEP-25 double-action jaw crusher, broken up over 12, with the same specifications old jaw crusher contrast, the production capacity increases by 60% to 100%, power consumption reduced by 30% to 50%. Beijing Mining and Metallurgical Research Institute also produces double-action jaw crusher.

2.6 double-lumen jaw crusher
Another double-lumen jaw crusher with two crushing chamber, in the state of two-run work programme, there is no air itinerary energy consumption, thereby greatly increasing the volume of ore processing unit power significantly reduced, it was obvious metal consumption decreased [10].